Fire
rated doors, door frames, and door hardware play a crucial role in keeping building
occupants safe while minimizing property damage in case of a fire. Different
components of door assemblies are rated to withstand fire for very specific
periods of time, among which include doors, door frames, window frames,
transoms, hardware, glazing, and sidelights. There are major differences
between fire rated, listed/approved, and labeled door products. Fire rated
products, for instance, are those that have been approved by industry standards
to withstand fire for specific periods of time. Fire listed or approved
products on the other hand, have been tested and approved via listing agencies.
Labeled products physically bear fire rating labels from approved agencies.
Fire
rated door assemblies can be classified into 5 different ratings according to
the period of time they can withstand fire. This includes 20-minute, 45-minute,
1-hour, 1½-hour, and 3-hour ratings. These ratings are granted by testing
agencies, which then label the products according to their approved rating. Doors
are required to meet the standards of International fire and building codes,
along with other safety authorities and organizations. Building codes also
dictate fire rating requirements for adjacent walls, based on their location
and other factors like building use. The wall’s fire rating directly affects
the required fire rating of the door to be installed. Proper fire doors require
positive latching and self-closing mechanisms, among other assembly components.
Fire
rated louver doors are ideal because they have a high maximum rating of up to
90 minutes (1 ½ hour-rating). However, this type of door isn’t generally
allowed in corridor openings. Custom fire rated doors are advised for very
specific building requirements. Most custom fire rated
doors
come in a variety of core types, including honeycomb, steel stiffened,
polystyrene, and temperature rise, which minimize heat transfer and are best
used in stairwells of tall buildings.
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